unit 5 课文翻译
PassageA
华尔街反人类的经济罪行
美国国际集团的金融家们得到了千百万美金的奖金，由于他们的薪资合同是基于他们完成的买卖量而非这类买卖产生的后果。一位32岁的按揭贷款经纪人告诉我：“我感觉我的工作就是签订买卖??,至于买卖的后果——那是他们的事，与我无关。”不少不少的商务高管们攫取了高额奖金，虽然他们撕裂了世界经济，导致千万亿美金的损失，使千百万的人的生活支离破碎。他们全然漠视处于这场危机核心的是让人恐惧的对人的摧残。
天天的经济新闻都让我不断想起45年前汉娜·阿伦特在耶路撒冷为《纽约人》报作战犯审判报道时，她对纳粹战犯阿道夫·艾希曼的分析。阿伦特分析了盲从与恶行之间奇特的“相互依存”,并试图以她的著名论断“平庸之恶”来捕捉这一点。阿伦特发现艾希曼“不是道德败坏，更不是残酷成性”,而是“很可怕的正常。”
离得远远的现实
他是新型犯罪，是“行政大屠杀”的参与者，“在他事实上不了解或未知道自己正在做错事的状况下”犯下了罪行。艾希曼别无动机，只不过阿伦特所描述的“一种超乎一般的寻求个人升迁的勤奋而已??他从来没意识到他在干什么。”阿伦特得出了如此的结论：“这种离得远远的现实的心理和这种无思想的盲从会胜过所有些邪恶本性，从而引发出更大的惨祸，而这一点事实上恰是大家可以在耶路撒冷汲取的教训。”
诚然经济危机不是大屠杀，但我敢说，这场经济危机来自于一种一直生产出类似疏离与盲从的商业模式，并因个体道德判断的常见性缺失而进一步恶化。伴随大家对金融机构内的这种行为的加深理解，大家看到几乎所有些人都同意了一种不计后果的体制，它奖赏买卖却拒绝为这类买卖的后果承担责任。银行家、经纪人和金融专家们都是这种以自我为中心的商业模式的无怨无悔的参与者，该模式只颂扬有益于机构内部职员的做法，却不把机构以外的别的人当作人看而疏离他们。
此种规范化的自恋和对“别的人”的蔑视在次级抵押贷款行业及其衍生而来的投资业得到了终极的显现。有太多的案例显示，贷款人或投资者面临的明显风险却只不过被视为无人应该对其负责的外部原因。从来没想到过会有如此的人，他们的家庭会面临被迫抛弃房子的困境，会有退休者陷入养老金风险的无底深渊。那些体制内部的人是看不见这种困苦的：它太遥远了，从而事实上是没有的。
缺少同情心
当处于战争状况时，因为情感上的疏离，大家更易于依据自己狭隘的个人利益而行事，缺少一般的同情心。同情心能让大家知道到别人的痛苦，是大家之所以为人的标志。自恋的商业模式提供了现代的“情景”,促进个体无视我们的抉择的恶果，由此铺就了一条通往全方位的行政经济大屠杀的道路。
阿伦特觉得，艾希曼的审判给世界传递了一条信息，即个体需要为其判断承担责任，即便他们“盲目地”适应了无良组织规范的情景。这条信息并不只局限于很难形容的大屠杀的恐怖行径。它也与任何状况下个体判断与规范程序之间的关系有关联。这条信息说：你不可以把自己做下的坏事简单地归咎于体制。然而让世界为之惊愕的是，成千上万受托掌管大家金融福祉的男男女女们却全方位系统地违背了文明行为的基本标准。他们无力分辨对与错。他们要么根本不判断，要么就根本不按我们的判断行事。这丧失底线的行为才让公众对不靠谱的奖励行为的每次披露都怒不可遏。公众的愤怒并非渴望复仇，而是在反抗这个平庸之恶。
公众的愤慨是道德感的反应，它的着眼点比那些为保护自立经营的商业伎两个而设置的法律更深刻，也更真实。如今，大家的呼声是去找回是大家的群体，回到大家能由己及人分辨对错的地方。公众需要——不，需要—大家的领导者们来重新审视我们的能力和义务，看出什么才是正确的做法，即使那会意味着要面对法律诉讼和发怒的银行家们。
目前，有关千百万的生活死存亡的安全感已处于危险境地或被彻底摧毁。在这场价值堕落的浪潮中，没哪个会是安全的，而引发这场价值堕落浪潮的正是这个以自我为中心的商业模式的平庸之恶与那些不问是非、缺少道德判断的参与者们。留给资本主义继承人的迫切教训通过所有些新闻标题正在发生效应：没“别人”,只有大家。本应是“他们的”伤害目前却成为了全世球范围的共有磨难。
这场经济危机已经显现出愈加多的诈骗、利益冲突、漠视困苦、推卸责任和个体道德判断的全方位、系统性的缺失，这所有就制造出了一个行政经济大屠杀，其涉及面之大足以构成反人类的经济罪行。
Passage B
商业诚信
几年前，我和老公在报纸上登广告计划卖掉大家的一辆老沃尔沃牌汽车。汽车在那里闲置了几个月都无人问津，最后一对正为生活打拼的夫妇买下了它。因为大家是律师，精通法律，所以在大家使用的合同书上，给年轻夫妇留出签名地方的上方印着“按近况”3个大红字。“按近况”是一个极妙的法律术语，意思是假如这对夫妇一旦把车开离这里，车轮丢了或是传动器从车上掉下来，车子缺少轱辘或不可以开动就是他们的问题了，与大家无关。
就在这对夫妇买下车将来第二天早上，他们从开车上班的路上打电话给大家说，每当他们转动方向盘时，沃尔沃车就发出可怕的声音。我老公打电话给我，讨论大家和他们双方的权利。根据法律，大家受全方位保护，这应该是他们的事，与大家无关。然而，因为大家当年也过去是一对为生活而打拼的年轻夫妇，同情心让大家给他们回了电话，叫他们把车开到大家的维修厂检修。大家保证“修好它”。大家作为卖方的法律义务是有限的，由于法律赋予卖方有权在完成公平买卖之后不再同意用户投诉的烦扰。然而，商业中有多少买卖是真的公平的呢?难道大家不是生活在同一个世界吗?难道大家来生都不会再见面了吗?当大家面对面站在一块时，难道不会由于需要向大家的公平买卖过的用户进行如此的问候而尴尬万分吗“实在抱歉，卖给你的车第二天就出了问题，但，法律就是法律”。倘若一个人取得了所有，或者在供应沃尔沃汽车中赚了点钱，但却失去了灵魂，那样他又赢了什么呢?
最好的结果
大家这次与这对年轻夫妇的公平买卖历程，所得到的结果是最好的，也是有益于大家的。噪音是因为驾驶杆上的螺栓松了，这是由于大家的沃尔沃闲置了几个月的原故。大家的机械师免费为这对夫妇上紧了螺栓，他们又开心又松了口气。而我和我的老公也防止了在天堂中一次棘手的窘况。
大家那些研究资本主义特质、商业道德、违背商业伦理与违背商业伦理道德的后果的人仅仅开始了解在成功的经济体制中潜在的价值系统的重要程度。诚信问题仍然是大家价值辨别的一个标准，由于大家还没看到理想的以《圣经》中福音为基础的商业成功。“好人一直落后”是一意追求眼前利益的坏人编造的一句话。正是商业中还存在的诚信为成功提供了机会。很多买卖中的人都没遵循这条原则。那些没掌握运用这一点的人注定要失败。对于老板来讲，问题不是经商中大家需不需要诚实，而是大家需要了解诚实是买卖成功的重点。在商业道德中有很多让人信服的例子，都可以毫无疑问地得出如此得结论：诚信是商业成功核心。
诚信与幸存的经理们
福兰克·希普教授，马里兰州索尔兹伯里州立大学的一位管理学专家，探讨了如此的问题：为何一些经理会在过去十年中，在无数次企业裁员中得以幸存下来。他们没经受过企业裁员的痛苦，而很多像他们一样的人却常常失业，有时长达一年之久。
关于这类经理，希普教授发现了两个尤为重要的特征：第一，这是一群不相同种类型的人，有男有女，年龄不同，种族不同，管理风格也不同。第二，这类经理和他们的雇员都可用一个很通用的形容词来描写：诚实。这类经理在他们工作的每个方面都恪守诚信。他们赞赏职员们能给高级行政管理职员转去新想法时，把功劳正确地归功于职员，坦率地向职员们讲解新的规则、新的方案与和政策性或程序性的变化等。商业中时有所闻的不正当角逐、裙带关系和踩着别人往上爬等对于这类经理们来讲都是格格不入的。这类经理们了解，不止是诚信，还包含善良和公平这类《圣经》福音中的原则也都是要紧的。他们获得了成功是由于他们拥有了这类素质，而不是违背了这类需要。他们的工作稳定只不过由于他们恪守基本的诚实律条。
诚实与信誉
一条日本谚语为那些想欺骗别人的人提供了一条至理名言：千年的信誉会毁于一时的行为。商业中，大家对待别人的态度，无论是对客户、提供商还是股东，都会回过头来帮助大家或是困扰大家。
一家国际食品生产企业，于1970年做出决定向第三世界国家供应婴儿奶制品。这家公司是第一家也是唯一的一家打入这类市场的婴儿奶制品生产厂家。尽管当时在非洲国家销售婴儿奶制品并不违法，但也有一个诚信问题。在这类国家，即便在妈妈营养不好的的状况下，母乳仍然是儿科大夫最佳选择的喂养办法。这有几个缘由：1.没冰箱来保存尚未食用的听装奶制品；2.没冲调配方奶粉的纯净水；3.不知道将貌似黏稠的奶制品稀释到母乳浓度的有害性；4.在免费赠送的样品用完而母乳又断流时缺少资金来购买新的配方奶制品。然而，该公司在没透露这类弊病的状况下进入了第三世界国家并在销售配方奶制品中获得了巨大成功。但，上述四个原因的存在却使这类奶制品有售的国家的婴儿死亡率火箭般地猛涨。
unit 5 习题答案
Lead-in
1.manuals
2.periodically
3.initiative
4.structural
15.remains
6.rewarded
7.honest
8.Penalties against scandals are too lenient
9.Japanese companies have little incentive to tackle ethical and compliance issues internally
10.have made greater efforts to deal with ethical and compliance issues
Communicative Tasks
Task 1
In this competitive society,many companies must struggle to survive.Some start to use unethical means to defeat theircompetitors.Some businessmen bribe the staff of their competitor's company in order to get some confidentialinformation.According to a report,the trade secret of the company was stolen by one of the staff,who was promised alarge amount of money by another company in the same industry.The result was this company missed an importantbusiness opportunity and thus lost customers and great profit.In a word,business ethnics cannot be overemphasized toomuch.
Task 2
Open.
1.It is against the business ethics.Patients should not give add itional money to doctors,because it is doctors'duty to beresponsible for patients'life.And patients have paid all the hospital bils,which would cover a part of doctors'salary.
2.It isn't against the business ethics.Educ ation is not a kind of business affairs.
3.No,it isn't.It is a business promotion to offer discount to the big order.
4.Yes,it is.This kind of exaggeration of quality probably causebad results.
5.Yes,it is.This may lead to collusion between government and businessmen.It is unfair to companies in same industry.
6.No,it isn't This is dishonesty in application,but it has nothing to do with business ethnic.Probably in their futurecareer,theywill becomeunethical businessmen or businesswomen.
Think about it
1.Wall Street refers to the financial district of New York City.Over time,these words have become a metonym for thefinancial markets of the United States/as a whole.It is the home of the New York Stock Exchange,which is theworld's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies.The Economic Crisis of 2008 resultsfrom many factors,such as global inflation,increased unemployment,high oil and food prices,a declining dollarvalue,a horrible housing market,and a subprime mortgage crisis.However,above all the reasons,the subprimeresidentialmortgage crisis reached its climax in August 2008,when financial institutions reported billions of dollars inlosses.Thus instability on Wall Street immediately spread to the European and Asian stock markets,thereby rapidlypermeating the entire financial system.
2.Yes.Unethical business practices are bound to derail your career or company,the abrupt collapse of Sanlu Group is thevery hard lesson many businessmen should earn.Moral virtues such as compassion,responsibility,fairness,andhonesty are essential for business success in a long run It keeps people honest and out of trouble rather than being aconstraining force,morality creates a fertile source of business motivation,inspiration,and innovation.
3.Individualmoral judgment or moral thinking plays an important role in our life,guiding us to do ethically and keep usfrom wrongdoings.Being civilized human beings,we are able to distinguish right from wrong and try hard to takemoral actions accordingly.For people with good traits,honesty and a strong moral sense doing the right thingoutw eighs doing things right.
Content Awareness
2.Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write"T"for true and "F"for false in the blanks.
1.F
2.T
3.T
4.T
5.F
6.T
7.F
8.F
9.T
10.F
3.Discuss with your partner and try to figure out the answers to the folowing questions.Share your thoughts andresponses with the class.
1.Financiers at 人工智能G didn't deserve such awards as they should be held liable for the disastrous consequences of theirbusiness practices.
2.Self-centered as they are,these insiders are misguided by remoteness from reality and thoughtlessness in judgment,operating in their own narrow interests while distancing every outsider.
3.As revealed in Eichmann's trial,individuals must be held accountable for their judgment,even when they have"thoughtlessly"conformed to toxic institutional circumstances.
4.The financiers can't work on a self-serving business model as the institutions they are in charge of are vital for theinterests of"the others."The damage that was supposed to be "theirs"is now shared misery on a global scale.Noone is safe if such a"vacuum"of moral leadership remains in Wall Street.
5.The "banality of evil"in Wall Street led to this economic crisis and made millions of people the victims of such a孩full-scale adm inistrative economic massacre so much so that it constitutes an economic crime against humanity asEichmann did in the Holocaust.
4 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.
1.transactions
2.trial
3.thoughtlessness
4.civilized
5.insiders
6.empathy
7.vacuum
8.unquestioning
9.heirs
10.humanity
Language Focus
5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.dismay
2.invisible
3.accountable
4.mortgage
5.compounded
6.discern
7.mounting
8.haunt
9.indifference
10.terrifying
6.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.at the heart
2.derive from
3.pave the way
4.conform to
5.stand up to
7.Each of the verbs and nouns/noun phrases in the following lists occurs in Passage A Choose the noun/noun phrasethat you think collocates the each verb and write it down in the blank.
1.act on their moral judgment
2.reap rewards
3.ignore responsibility
4.commit crimes
5.conform to institutional circumstances
6.meet the minimum standard
7.pave the way for a full-scale administrative economic massacre
8.reflect a sense of morality
9.complete transactions
10.relinquish its home
8.Translate the following sentences into English.
1.The explanation in the adverti百度竞价推广ent of the product must conform to its actual quality.
2.New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.
3.Proverbs,which derive from life,are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture ofa nation.
4.The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.
5.Admittedly,the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.
9.Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to theitalicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences bysimulating the structure of the English sentences.
1.We agree that he had nothing to be praised for other than what he had done forhis son.
2.That many enterprises don't take business ethics seriously can be more destructive to world economy than anyillegal commercialaction.
3.The hospitality of the Chinese finds its ultimate expression in the grand feasts during the Spring Festival
4.This loan of money from the World Bank provides financial guarantee that enables more children to have bettefac ilities in school
5.It is less a scientific research about equal education opportunity than it is a call for public attention to thedevelopment of the poor.
10.Work in pairs to discuss or debate the following TOPic.
A:Do you think honesty pays off?
B:Of course.
A:Then what do you think of cheating in tests?
B:Oh,it's not a good idea.Cheating in tests means nothing but cheating yourself.
A:But if Iget someone to help me in the tests,I will get a better score.It is seemingly agood thing,isn't it?
B:Well.If you cheat,even though you don't get caught and might get a higher score this time,in the long run,youdidn't master the knowledge that you should be checked in the exam.In school you can get someone to help youin tests,but what aboutwhen you are at work?
A:You are quite right.I will try my best to be honest from the moment on and in future.
Write about It
11.Write a short passage of 120words or so on the TOPic "Business Ethics."Your writing may be based on the followingoutline given in Chinese.
Business Ethics
Creating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn't as difficult as you think.The keys to running an ethicalcompany are integrity,honesty,and information transparency.
Corporations aren't ethical or evil in and of themselves ---but people can be.Most people want to do the right thing,but superior instruction does not allow they to do the right thing.Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easierto achieve.
The challenge could not be more urgent.A substantial majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the socialbehavior of our corporations.Fro instance,poor treatment of workers at home and abroad products that don't perform asadvertised,fake commodities,poor customer service,environmental pollution.
As companies existed in this society,they have to earn profit to survive.It is of great importance to find a way tobalance business profit and business ethics.It requires that entrepreneurs follow their best moral instincts.Sometimesbeing truly ethical means giving up something you want in exchange for doing the right thing.That's why we worryabout ethics in the first place ---if it didn't cosplayt us a price,everyone would be ethical all the time.
Passage B
Think about It
1.Yes.Honesty enables businessperson to keep old customers and develop new customers.The customer loyalty willcertainly be improved.The role models of"greed is good"can lead you to failure
2.No.Even though there are some unethical behaviors in business transactions,some businesspeople are stil honest andethical.They certainly have advantages over the treacherous ones.
3.If cheated in business dealings by some company,I will take the following steps to protect my own interests:first,Iwill contact the company and try to solve the problem between us,then I will engage an attorney to suit that targetcompany if nec essary.Anyway,Iwill not keep silent to take actions to defend myself.
4.The author tries to appeal that honesty rests at the heart of business success.
Content Awareness
12.Choose the best answer to each question with information from the passage.
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.A
5.A
13.Answerthe following questions with information from the passage.
1.Success achieved in business without breaching the Bible's teachings
2.Being honest in all aspect of work.
3.Any bad behavior at any time can lead to damaging your long-established reputation.
4.It actually was a cheating/fraudulent operation leading to serious consequences.
Language Focus
14.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.compelled
2.compassion
3.disclosure
4.exploring
5.malnourished
6.plaguing
7.pledge
8.breach
9.span
10.transaction
15.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.sitting idle
2.broke down
3.in all respects
4.gave;credit
5.by theconduct of
16.The following words occur in Passage B.Find 4 pairs of near synonyms and 3 pairs of near antonyms,and writethem down.
Synonyms:
1.idle;fallow
2.diverse;varying
3.key;important
4.self-esteem;self-worth
Antonyms:
1.sell;purchase
2.plagued;delighted
3.breach;faith
17.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
传奇企业家沃伦·巴菲特说：“信赖就像大家呼吸的空气。它在时，无人会真的注意，但一旦它不在，每一个人都会注意到。”若坚持道德原则的话，你能把买卖从创业一直做到退休。目前正是把以下这类正确的很多方面安排到位来打造企业伦理文化的适合机会：使命、价值、明晰可及的规章规范、企业公民意识与慈善心等。第一步是自己要做道德行为典范。假如你的职员看到你四处钻营并一直混迹于灰色地带，那样他们就大概做同样的事情，而不考虑企业的道德守则怎么样规定。毕竟大家是生活在一个上行下效的世界中。
18.Read the following short paragraphs and try to identfy the authors purpose Underline the cue words in the passageand explain how they can help us understand the author's purpose.
Paragraph 1:
1.B
2.B
3.AParagraph 2:
1.C
2.D
19.Translate the following sentences into Chinese,paying special attention to the under lined parts.
1.走出机场大楼我就看到外面好多出租汽车司机在穿梭走动，这在世界各地的机场都是一样的。
2.迈尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。罗布极少见到这样的情况。
3.难怪，一看见沿河而立的精美建筑时，我就想起了巴黎、阿姆斯特丹和威尼斯。
4.目前我意识到常识给人的巨大乐趣，这与怎么用常识无关。
5.她本想告诉约翰，她没料到他的常识竟有这样渊博，但又感觉有的不好意思，没说出口。
6.那位中年人是新选出的队长，他能干、开朗又诚恳。
7.他日常唯一有兴趣的东西是踢球，这使他交到不少朋友。
8.他们有360名职工，大多数原来是家庭妇女，目前帮助居民做一些洗涤、缝补的事。
Write a composition on "The Negative Effects of Adverti百度竞价推广ents."Your writing may be based on the follwingoutline given inChinese.
The Negative Effects of Adverti百度竞价推广ents
Nowadays there are many misleading adverti百度竞价推广ents in people's life.They are harmful to people and society.
First,they exaggerate the quality and functions of the their advertised goods and thus mislead consumers.Second,some adverti百度竞价推广ents contain offensive information which may corrupt young people's minds.Third,they seriouslydamage the reliability of business.For the long run customers will not believe the company which manufacture theseproducts.
As far as I am concerned I think effective methods must be taken to sTOP the false adverti百度竞价推广ents and to protectconsumers'interests.Adverti百度竞价推广ents should be strictly examined by the authorities before they are published or aired on TV Furthermore,there should be punishment for those who publish illegal adverti百度竞价推广ents.All in all,misleadingadverti百度竞价推广ents must be eliminated by all means.
21.Suppose you are an office manager.You got a letter from yourcustomer,Mr.Andi on 15 March,2012,complainingabout one of your employees for his offensive behavior.Write a letter of apology in reply.
19,March 2012
Ttext-align:left;color:#000000;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">No.118,8th Avenue
Dear Mr.Andi,
I was upset when receiving your letter on 15 March,2012,which detailed the offensive behavior of one of ouremployees toward you.
I can assure you that such behavior is not,and never will be,tolerated in this company After a full investigation,wehave taken action against this employee.I can only offer my full apology and assurance that it will not happen again.Wevalue the relationship between the customers and our company and I hope this incident will not weaken that valuedrelationship.Again,my sincere apology.
Yours sincerely,
Tomas Young
Office Manager
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